References for a New Job in the UK: Who to Ask, What They Can Say and What If a Past Employer Is Unhelpful
You have a job offer, subject to references. It is a common stage in UK hiring, and it can be stressful if you are worried about what a previous boss might say. Here is how references work and how to handle them.
What is a reference?
A reference is a statement from a previous employer, teacher or other contact confirming your work history and sometimes your performance. Many employers ask for two, with at least one from your most recent job.
Who should you choose?
Pick people who know your work and will speak positively. A line manager, supervisor, tutor or a long-term volunteer coordinator are good choices. Avoid family members and friends. Always ask permission first and tell them about the job you applied for.
What can an employer say?
In the UK, a reference must be true, accurate and fair. Many employers keep to a basic factual reference: job title, dates of employment and sometimes sickness record and conduct. Under UK law, there is no general right to a reference, but if one is given it must not be misleading.
If you were dismissed or had a difficult exit
Be honest with the new employer and explain briefly. If you are worried about the reference, speak to your former employer in advance to understand what they will say. You can also provide alternative referees, such as a colleague or client.
If a company has closed
Offer a former colleague or manager who can confirm your role, or provide documents like old payslips or contracts.
If you think a reference is unfair
You have the right to ask to see what has been said about you under data protection law, and to challenge inaccurate information. ACAS can advise.
Reference timing
Ask referees early, give them your updated CV and thank them afterwards.
Everyone in this situation feels alone at some point, and you are not. If this helped, share it with someone who is job hunting, and tell us in the comments what has worked for you.
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